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Colouring and planar graphs
Chromatic number, Euler's formula V − E + F = 2, and the four-colour theorem.
Colour vertices so neighbours differ; the fewest colours needed is the chromatic number. For a planar graph V − E + F = 2, which bounds edges by 3V − 6 and shows K₅ is not planar. Picture it: any map needs at most four colours, proven with a computer in 1976. Think it: Euler's formula is the Euler characteristic, the same invariant that distinguishes a sphere from a torus.
Voorbeeld van werk · 6 - 2
Stap voor stap
- -2 + 6 = 4
Add: -2 + 6 = 4.
Onthul het antwoord
Nu jij. Kies een probleem, type of teken je eigen. Elke stap, een foto, het antwoord verborgen totdat je het vraagt.
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Hoe: Colouring and planar graphs
- Add: -2 + 6 = 4.
Vragen die mensen stellen
Permutation or combination?
Ask whether order matters. A lock code is a permutation (order matters); a hand of cards is a combination (it does not).
What is a graph in this sense?
Dots (vertices) joined by lines (edges), not a plot. Road maps, social networks and molecules are graphs; questions like "is there a route" and "how few colours" are graph theory.
Meer in Combinatorics & Graph Theory
The counting principlesPigeonhole principle and inclusion, exclusionBinomial coefficients and Pascal's triangleRecurrences and generating functionsGraphs: vertices, edges, degreesPaths, cycles, trees, Euler and Hamilton