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Convergence of series
Divergence, ratio, comparison and integral tests, and the harmonic series.
An infinite series converges when its partial sums approach a limit. The terms going to zero is necessary but not enough. The harmonic series 1 + ½ + ⅓ + … diverges even though its terms vanish. The ratio test settles most series with factorials or powers; comparison and the integral test handle the p-series family.
Жұмыстағы мысал · does 1/n^2 for n = 1 to oo converge
Қадам сайын
- \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{2}}
Does this series converge?
- \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n^{2}} = 0
Divergence test: if the terms do not go to 0 the series cannot converge.
- \lim \left|\frac{a_{k+1}}{a_k}\right| = \lim \left|{\frac{n^{2}}{\left(n + 1\right)^{2}}}\right| = 1
Ratio test: < 1 converges, > 1 diverges, = 1 says nothing.
- = \frac{\pi^{2}}{6}
It converges, and the CAS knows the sum.
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Енді сен Мәтінді таңдап, жазу немесе өзіңіздің мәтініңізді салу. Әрбір қадамы сурет, сұрағанша жауап жасырылады.
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Тұтас анықтамасын, суретін және әрбір әріптің мағынасын көру үшін кез келген символды түртіңіз.
Не істеу керек: Convergence of series
- Does this series converge?
- Divergence test: if the terms do not go to 0 the series cannot converge.
- Ratio test: < 1 converges, > 1 diverges, = 1 says nothing.
- It converges, and the CAS knows the sum.
Адамдар қоятын сұрақтар
What is the ε, δ definition actually saying?
That you can make the output as close to the limit as anyone demands (within ε) by keeping the input close enough (within δ). It replaces "approaches" with a challenge-and-response that can be checked.
Why does the harmonic series diverge when its terms go to zero?
Because the terms shrink too slowly: group them as 1/3 + 1/4 > 1/2, 1/5 + … + 1/8 > 1/2, and so on: infinitely many halves.
Келесіде Real Analysis
Sequences and their limitsImproper integralsTaylor approximation and errorFunctions of a complex variableContinuity and differentiability, rigorouslySequences of functions and uniform convergence