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Trigonometric equations
Reference angles and the infinitely many solutions.
sin x = ½ is true at π/6, at 5π/6, and again every full turn. Solve on one period from the unit circle, then add 2πn for every integer n. The graph shows why the solutions repeat.
Rechenbeispiel · sin(x) = 1/2
Schritt für Schritt
- \sin{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{2}
Start from the equation as given.
- \sin{\left(x \right)} - \frac{1}{2} = 0
Bring everything to one side.
- \sin{\left(x \right)} - \frac{1}{2} = 0
Isolate the trig function, then read the reference angle off the unit circle. Solutions repeat every period.
- \left\{2 n \pi + \frac{\pi}{6}\; \middle|\; n \in \mathbb{Z}\right\} \cup \left\{2 n \pi + \frac{5 \pi}{6}\; \middle|\; n \in \mathbb{Z}\right\}
General solution over the reals (n is any integer).
- x = \frac{\pi}{6} \approx 0.52360 ,\; x = \frac{5 \pi}{6} \approx 2.6180
Solve for the variable.
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Wie man: Trigonometric equations
- Start from the equation as given.
- Bring everything to one side.
- Isolate the trig function, then read the reference angle off the unit circle. Solutions repeat every period.
- General solution over the reals (n is any integer).
- Solve for the variable.
Fragen, die die Leute stellen
Why radians instead of degrees?
A radian is the angle whose arc equals the radius, so it is a pure ratio rather than an arbitrary 1/360 of a turn. With radians the derivative of sin x is exactly cos x; with degrees a factor of π/180 appears everywhere.
Why does sin x = 1/2 have infinitely many solutions?
Sine repeats every full turn, and within one turn it reaches 1/2 twice (at π/6 and 5π/6). Add any whole number of turns to either and it is still true.
How do I remember the exact values?
Two triangles: the 45-45-90 with sides 1, 1, √2 and the 30-60-90 with sides 1, √3, 2. Every value for 30°, 45° and 60° is a ratio of those sides; symmetry gives the rest of the circle.
Mehr in Trigonometry
The unit circleTrigonometric identitiesDegrees and radiansRight-triangle trigonometry (SOH-CAH-TOA)Law of sines and law of cosinesGraphs of sine, cosine and tangentInverse trigonometric functions