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Sequences and series
Arithmetic and geometric sequences, partial sums, and the geometric series formula.
An arithmetic sequence adds the same amount each step; a geometric one multiplies by the same ratio. Their sums have closed forms, n(a₁ + aₙ)/2 and a(rⁿ − 1)/(r − 1), and when |r| < 1 the geometric series keeps converging as n grows, which is the first infinite sum most people meet.
Arbejdstxrd eksempel · sum of 2^k for k = 0 to 10
Trin for trin
- \sum_{k=0}^{10} 2^{k}
Write the sum out.
- = 2047
Closed form.
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Hvordan: Sequences and series
- Write the sum out.
- Closed form.
Spørgsmål folk spørger
What is a function, really?
A rule that assigns exactly one output to each input. The vertical-line test on a graph is the same idea: no input may have two outputs.
Why do we need complex numbers?
Because x² + 1 = 0 has no real solution, and allowing one new number i with i² = −1 makes every polynomial equation solvable. They then turn out to describe rotation, waves and alternating current more naturally than real numbers do.
Mere i Precalculus
Complex numbersPolynomial functionsRational functionsThe binomial theoremConic sectionsVectorsExponential and logarithmic functionsPolynomial division and the remainder theoremParametric equations and polar coordinates