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The Pigeon Hole Principle

A function f:X\longrightarrow Y is said to be 11 (read one-to-one) when f(x)\neq f(x') for all x,x'\in X with x\neq x'. A 11 function is also called an injection or we say that f is injective.

The Pigeon Hole Principle

A function \(f:X\longrightarrow Y\) is said to be \(1\)\(1\) (read one-to-one) when \(f(x)\neq f(x')\) for all \(x,x'\in X\) with \(x\neq x'\). A \(1\)\(1\) function is also called an injection or we say that \(f\) is injective. When \(f:X\longrightarrow Y\) is \(1\)\(1\), we note that \(|X|\le |Y|\). Conversely, we have the following self-evident statement, which is popularly called the Pigeon Hole principle.

In more casual language, if you must put \(n+1\) pigeons into \(n\) holes, then you must put two pigeons into the same hole.

Here is a classic result, whose proof follows immediately from the .

In , we will explore some powerful generalizations of the . All these results have the flavor of the general assertion that total disarray is impossible.

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Symboly použité tu

Ťuknutím na ľubovoľný symbol zobrazíte úplnú definíciu, obrázok a význam každého písmena.

Otázky, ktoré ľudia kladú

Permutation or combination?

Ask whether order matters. A lock code is a permutation (order matters); a hand of cards is a combination (it does not).

What is a graph in this sense?

Dots (vertices) joined by lines (edges), not a plot. Road maps, social networks and molecules are graphs; questions like "is there a route" and "how few colours" are graph theory.

Časti tejto stránky sú upravené z Keller & Trotter, Applied Combinatorics (CC BY-SA 4.0). Tu sú zhrnuté a znovu vysvetlené; chyby sú naše.

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