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Divisors

Counting and listing divisors from the prime factorisation.

If n = p₁ᵃ · p₂ᵇ · …, then every divisor picks an exponent between 0 and a for p₁, between 0 and b for p₂, and so on — which is why the number of divisors is (a+1)(b+1)…. Perfect squares are exactly the numbers with an odd count.

Worked example: divisors of 36

Divisors of 36

36

Step by step

  1. 36 = 2^{2} \times 3^{2}

    Prime-factorise first.

  2. d(n) = (2+1) \cdot (2+1) = 9

    Each divisor picks an exponent from 0 up to the prime's exponent, so multiply (exponent + 1) for each prime.

  3. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36

    List them in increasing order.

Reveal the answer
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36

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