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Limits

Substitution, factoring and L'Hôpital's rule.

A limit asks what a function approaches, not what it equals. Try substitution first; if it gives 0/0, factor and cancel, or differentiate top and bottom (L'Hôpital). The graph shows the function near the point with the limit marked.

Mfano wenye matokeo · limit of sin(x)/x as x -> 0

Calculus · Limits

Limit of sin(x)/x as x → 0

\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x}

Hatua kwa hatua

  1. \lim_{x \to 0^+-} \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{x}

    Try direct substitution first.

  2. \frac{0}{0}

    Substitution gives 0/0: an indeterminate form.

  3. \lim \frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{1}

    L'Hôpital's rule: differentiate numerator and denominator separately.

  4. = 1

    Substitute.

Lafunua jibu
1

Sasa Chagua tatizo, au aina ya barua au uchore.

Keep your own working

Akaunti la bure laongezea mambo makuu juu ya kila somo, rekodi ya yale ambayo umemaliza, matatizo yako ya kutatua katika sehemu moja, na mtunzaji unayeweza kuuliza juu ya ukurasa huu.

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Jinsi ya Kufaulu: Limits

  1. Try direct substitution first.
  2. Substitution gives 0/0: an indeterminate form.
  3. L'Hôpital's rule: differentiate numerator and denominator separately.
  4. Substitute.

Maswali ambayo watu huuliza

What is a derivative in one sentence?

The slope of the graph at a point, the rate at which the output is changing there. Speed is the derivative of position.

What is an integral in one sentence?

The accumulated total of a rate: the area under the curve. Distance travelled is the integral of speed.

Why are derivatives and integrals opposites?

That is the fundamental theorem of calculus: accumulating a rate and then measuring how fast the accumulation grows gets you back the rate. Integration undoes differentiation up to a constant.

When do I use substitution and when integration by parts?

Substitution when part of the integrand is the derivative of another part (u and du both present). Parts when the integrand is a product of two unrelated kinds of function, a polynomial times an exponential, log or trig function.

Mengi zaidi katika Calculus

DerivativesIntegralsDefinite integralsTaylor seriesSeries and sumsMaxima and minimaThe chain ruleImplicit differentiationRelated rates and optimisationIntegration techniques: substitution, parts, partial fractionsApplications of integration: area, volume, arc lengthInfinite series and convergence tests