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Homomorphisms, normal subgroups and quotient groups

Structure-preserving maps, kernels, and the first isomorphism theorem.

A homomorphism respects the operation; its kernel is a normal subgroup, and G/ker ≅ image. Picture it: reducing an integer mod 5 collapses the number line onto a 5-cycle. Think it: the isomorphism theorems are the group-theoretic form of "quotient by what you ignore".

Àwọn ààtò àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò · 12 mod 5

Number-Theory · Modular-Arithmetic

12 mod 5

12,\ 5

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò

12 = 2 \times 5 + 2
Divide 12 by 5: the quotient is 2 and what is left over is the remainder.
12 \bmod 5 = 2
The remainder is the answer (always between 0 and m − 1).

Fi àwọn àgbèwọlé hàn

12 \bmod 5 = 2

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Bii o ṣe le: Homomorphisms, normal subgroups and quotient groups

Divide 12 by 5: the quotient is 2 and what is left over is the remainder.
The remainder is the answer (always between 0 and m − 1).

Àwọn Àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn

What is a group, in plain words?

A set with one operation that is associative, has an identity, and lets every element be undone. Symmetries of any object form a group. That is where the idea came from.

What is the difference between a ring and a field?

A ring has addition and multiplication that behave like the integers (you cannot always divide); a field is a ring where every non-zero element has a reciprocal, like the rationals or the reals.

Diẹ̀ nínú Abstract Algebra

Groups Subgroups, cosets and Lagrange's theorem Cyclic groups and permutation groups Rings and fields Galois theory: why the quintic has no formula