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Integrate sin(x)^2 from 0 to 2·pi
\int_{0}^{2 \pi} \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}\, dx
Step by step
- \int_{0}^{2 \pi} \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}\, dx
First find an antiderivative F, then evaluate F(b) − F(a).
- \sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}
Rewrite the integrand into a friendlier form.
- \int \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}\, dx = \int \frac{1}{2}\, dx + \int - \frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}\, dx
The integral of a sum is the sum of the integrals.
- \int \frac{1}{2}\, dx = \frac{x}{2}
The integral of a constant c is c·x.
- \int - \frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}\, dx = - \frac{1}{2} \int \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\, dx
Pull the constant - \frac{1}{2} out of the integral.
- u = 2 x,\quad du = 2\, dx
Substitute u = 2 x.
- \int \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\, dx = \int \frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{2}\, d_u
Rewrite the integral in terms of u.
- \int \frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{2}\, d_u = \frac{1}{2} \int \cos{\left(u \right)}\, d_u
Pull the constant \frac{1}{2} out of the integral.
- \int \cos{\left(u \right)}\, d_u = \sin{\left(u \right)}
Standard trigonometric antiderivative.
- = \frac{\sin{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}
Substitute back u = 2 x.
- F(2 \pi) - F(0) = \left(\pi\right) - \left(0\right)
Fundamental theorem of calculus: plug in the limits.
- = \pi \approx 3.1416
Simplify.
Reveal the answer
\pi