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Integrate sin(t)^2·cos(t)^2 from 0 to 2·pi

\int_{0}^{2 \pi} \sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos^{2}{\left(t \right)}\, dt

Step by step

  1. \int_{0}^{2 \pi} \sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos^{2}{\left(t \right)}\, dt

    First find an antiderivative F, then evaluate F(b) − F(a).

  2. \sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos^{2}{\left(t \right)} = \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 t \right)}}{2}\right) \left(\frac{\cos{\left(2 t \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\right)

    Rewrite the integrand into a friendlier form.

  3. u = 2 t,\quad du = 2\, dt

    Substitute u = 2 t.

  4. \int \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 t \right)}}{2}\right) \left(\frac{\cos{\left(2 t \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\right)\, dt = \int \frac{1}{8} - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{8}\, d_u

    Rewrite the integral in terms of u.

  5. \int \frac{1}{8} - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{8}\, d_u = \int \frac{1}{8}\, d_u + \int - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{8}\, d_u

    The integral of a sum is the sum of the integrals.

  6. \int \frac{1}{8}\, d_u = \frac{u}{8}

    The integral of a constant c is c·x.

  7. \int - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{8}\, d_u = - \frac{1}{8} \int \cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}\, d_u

    Pull the constant - \frac{1}{8} out of the integral.

  8. \cos^{2}{\left(u \right)} = \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}

    Rewrite the integrand into a friendlier form.

  9. \int \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\, d_u = \int \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2}\, d_u + \int \frac{1}{2}\, d_u

    The integral of a sum is the sum of the integrals.

  10. \int \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2}\, d_u = \frac{1}{2} \int \cos{\left(2 u \right)}\, d_u

    Pull the constant \frac{1}{2} out of the integral.

  11. u = 2 u,\quad du = 2\, d_u

    Substitute u = 2 u.

  12. \int \cos{\left(2 u \right)}\, d_u = \int \frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{2}\, d_u

    Rewrite the integral in terms of u.

  13. \int \frac{\cos{\left(u \right)}}{2}\, d_u = \frac{1}{2} \int \cos{\left(u \right)}\, d_u

    Pull the constant \frac{1}{2} out of the integral.

  14. \int \cos{\left(u \right)}\, d_u = \sin{\left(u \right)}

    Standard trigonometric antiderivative.

  15. = \frac{\sin{\left(2 u \right)}}{2}

    Substitute back u = 2 u.

  16. \int \frac{1}{2}\, d_u = \frac{u}{2}

    The integral of a constant c is c·x.

  17. = \frac{t}{8} - \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{32}

    Substitute back u = 2 t.

  18. F(2 \pi) - F(0) = \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) - \left(0\right)

    Fundamental theorem of calculus: plug in the limits.

  19. = \frac{\pi}{4} \approx 0.78540

    Simplify.

Reveal the answer
\frac{\pi}{4}